Republic of Cuba
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Flag of Cuba
Five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom) alternating with white;
a red equilateral
triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center.
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The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after
the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and
following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries.
Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar
plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure
fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule, marked initially
by neglect, became increasingly repressive, provoking an independence
movement and occasional rebellions that were harshly suppressed. It was
US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 that finally
overthrew Spanish rule. The subsequent Treaty of Paris established Cuban
independence, which was granted in 1902 after a three-year transition period.
Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959;
his iron rule has held the regime together since then.
Cuba's Communist revolution, with Soviet support,
was exported throughout Latin America and Africa
during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. The country is now slowly
recovering from a severe economic recession in 1990, following the
withdrawal of former Soviet subsidies, worth $4 billion to $6 billion annually.
Cuba portrays its difficulties as the result of the US embargo
in place since 1961. Illicit migration to the US - using homemade rafts,
alien smugglers, air flights, or via the southwest border -
is a continuing problem. The US Coast Guard intercepted 2,712
individuals attempting to
cross the Straits of Florida in fiscal year 2005.
- CIA World Factbook.
Cuba - Fotw
The Flag,
History of the Flag,
Construction Sheet,
Vertical Flag.
www.fotw.us/flags/cu.html
Cuba - wikipedia.org
Cuba is the most populous country in the Caribbean. Its culture and customs
draw from several sources including the aboriginal Taíno and
Ciboney peoples, the period of Spanish colonialism, the introduction of
African slaves, and its proximity to the United States.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba
Cuba - U.S. Department of State
Cuba is a multiracial society with a population of mainly Spanish and African origins. The largest organized religion is the Roman Catholic Church, but evangelical protestant denominations continue to grow rapidly. Afro-Cuban religions, a blend of native African religions and Roman Catholicism, are widely practiced in Cuba. Officially, Cuba has been an atheist state for most of the Castro era. In 1962, the government of Fidel Castro seized and shut down more than 400 Catholic schools, charging that they spread dangerous beliefs among the people. In 1991, however, the Communist Party lifted its prohibition against religious believers seeking membership, and a year later the constitution was amended to characterize the state as secular instead of atheist.
While the Cuban constitution recognizes the right of citizens to freedom of religion, the government de facto restricts that freedom. Twenty-two denominations, including Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and Methodists, are members of the Cuban Council of Churches (CCC). Most CCC members are officially recognized by the State, though several, including the Evangelical Lutheran Church, are not registered and are recognized only through their membership in the CCC. Another 31 officially recognized denominations, including Jehovah's Witnesses and the small Jewish community, do not belong to the CCC. The government does not favor any one particular religion or church; however, the government appears to be most tolerant of those churches that maintain close relations to the State through the CCC. Unregistered religious groups experience various degrees of official interference, harassment, and repression. The Ministry of Interior engages in active efforts to control and monitor the country's religious institutions, including through surveillance, infiltration and harassment of religious professionals and practitioners. The most independent religious organizations--including the Catholic Church, the largest independent institution in Cuba today--continue to operate under significant restrictions and pressure imposed on them by the Cuban regime. The Cuban Government continues to refuse to allow the church to have independent printing press capabilities; full access to the media; to train enough priests for its needs or allow adequate numbers of foreign priests to work in the country; or to establish socially useful institutions, including schools and universities, hospitals and clinics, and nursing homes. All registered denominations must report to the Ministry of Interior's Office of Religious Affairs.
The visit of Pope John Paul II in January 1998 was seen as an important, positive event for bringing a message of hope and the need for respect of human rights. Unfortunately, these improvements did not continue once the Pope left the island. While some visas were issued for additional priests to enter Cuba around the time of the visit, the regime has again sharply restricted issuance of visas. Moreover, despite explicit regime guarantees and repeated follow-up requests, the regime has refused to permit the Catholic Church to establish Internet connections or an intranet among dioceses on the Island. In a pastoral letter entitled "There is No Country Without Virtue" ("No Hay Patria Sin Virtud"), the Cuban Conference of Catholic Bishops in February 2003 openly criticized the government's strict control over the activities of the Catholic Church, especially state restrictions on religious education and Church access to mass media, as well as the increasingly amoral and irreligious character of Cuban society under Communist rule.
Other Cuban religious groups--including evangelical Christians, whose numbers continue to grow rapidly--also have benefited from the relative relaxation of official restrictions on religious organizations and activities. Although particularly hard hit by emigration, Cuba's small Jewish community continues to hold services in Havana and has members in Santiago, Camaguey, and other parts of the island. See also the Department's report on international religious freedom for further information.
www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2886.htm
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Flag of Cuba