Symbol Processing in Artificial Intelligence

Image Understanding
Obviously, there is a wide gap between the nature of images (essentially arrays of numbers) and descriptions. It is the bridging of this gap that has kept researchers very busy over the last two decades in the fields of Artificial Intelligence.
aaai.org/AITopics/html/imagunder.html
Natural Language Processing

Symbolic Artificial Intelligence
Symbolic AI is a very attractive area of AI with its focus on the Mind's symbolic processing... Workers in AI in one way or another study intelligence as symbolic computation. In particular, they work with physical symbol systems.
dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~mkw/IC_Group/symbolicai.html

The Pattern Recognition Basis of AI
Symbol processing techniques are not working out very well and these methods alone will never be able to give the depth and breadth of capabilities found in human beings.
dontveter.com/basisofai/basisofai.html
A comp.ai.philosophy FAQ

Research at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
The traditional approaches of AI and cognitive science are based on the information processing or symbol processing metaphor. Briefly, it states that intelligence is a matter of processing symbols.
ifi.unizh.ch/groups/ailab/research/portrait.html

Artificial Intelligence: Can a Machine Think?
Is it possible to build a machine that is intelligent? That can think?
mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/modOverview.php?modGUI=228
Robots using Symbols

The Meanings of "Meaning"
Herbert Simon has long been a leading advocate of a dominant role for symbol processing within artificial intelligence, going so far as to posit, in his and Alan Newell's "physical symbol system hypothesis," that being a physical symbol system is both a necessary and sufficient condition for being intelligent.
stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-1/text/korb.commentary.html

Picto-Babel Playing Cards
Pictobabble Playing Cards